ABSTRACT
La leucosis enzoótica bovina (LEB), también conocida como leucosis viral bovina (LVB), es una enfermedad neoplásica de origen viral, producida por un oncornavirus tipo C (retroviridae) que ocurre con o sin formación de nódulos neoplásicos. La leucosis bovina (LB) en Venezuela ha sido diagnosticada clínicamente en base a las manifestaciones y evidencias clínico patológicas, así como sobre los cambios anatomopatológicos que han sido descritos en algunos casos, pero ninguno publicado. Se han hecho reportes de esta enfermedad en bovinos de leche, evidenciando la presencia de casos sin formación de nódulos neoplásicos, los cuales han sido considerados sospechosos, en razón de no haber realizado pruebas serológicas en el laboratorio. De igual forma, se han descrito casos de leucosis con formación de nódulos neoplásicos en diferentes órganos y han sido reportados como casos sospechosos de LB. La literatura refiere la existencia de cuatro (4) formas de leucosis: multicéntrica adulta, juvenil poco común, tímica y cutánea. Esta clasificación, es referida a los casos con presencia de nódulos neoplásicos constituidos por tejido linfoide anaplástico, sobre el cual se fundamenta el diagnóstico anatomopatológico. En el presente trabajo se reporta un caso de linfoma o linfosarcoma multicéntrico que se describe como sospechoso de LB en una búfala de agua de 10 años de edad en el estado Mérida, Venezuela, fundamentado en el diagnóstico anatomopatológico, con descripción de los cambios macro y microscópicos observados. Adicionalmente se reporta una ocurrencia de 2 por ciento de positividad a LB mediante las técnicas ELISA y AGID en el rebaño (300 búfalos) de la misma procedencia del caso descrito.
Bovine Enzootic Leukosis (BEL), also known as Viral Bovine Leukosis (VBL), is a viral, oncornavirus type C (retroviridae), neoplasic disease which occurs with or without neoplasic nodules. The disease has been clinically and morphologically diagnosed as suspicious cases in Venezuela since lab serological tests were not performed. Macroscopic and microscopic changes have been described in a few cases with neoplastic nodules and referred as a Bovine leukosis (BL), but none has been published. Bovine leucosis has also been referred in milking cows with or without neoplasic nodules, most cases have not been diagnosed by blood serum analysis and considered to be only suspicious cases. There are four distinct forms of BL (adult mullticentric, juvenile uncommon, thymic and cutaneous) have been reported in the literature around the world, this classification is based upon the presence of neoplasic nodules composed of anaplastic lymphoid tissue. This work reports a case of multicentric form of bovine lymphoma which could be suspicious of BL, in a 10 years old female water buffaloe in Mérida State, Venezuela. This report of one case of lymphosarcoma is supported by macroscopic and microscopic changes described. Aditionally, a frequency of 2 percent of positive cases diagnosed by ELISA and AGID tests is reported in the herd (300 buffaloes) of similar procedence of the described case.
Subject(s)
Cattle , Animals , Buffaloes/abnormalities , Enzootic Bovine Leukosis/diagnosis , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Veterinary MedicineABSTRACT
Hay muchas enfermedades con hemorragias difusas que ocurren en cerdos alrededor del mundo. Estas pueden ser de origen viral como el Cólera Porcino (C P) conocido como Fiebre Porcina Clásica ( F P C) o Peste Porcina Clásica (P P C), producido por un Pestivirus (ARN) del grupo Togavirus, de la familia Flaviviridae; o también la Peste Porcina Africana (P P A) producida por un Iridovirus y la cual de acuerdo a la literatura no ha sido diagnosticada en Venezuela. Entre las de origen bacteriano están la Salmonelosis y Erisipelosis porcina, siendo ésta última poco frecuente en Venezuela. Los cambios hemorrágicos observados en los cerdos bajo estudio son muy similares a aquellos que ocurren en la F P C caracterizada ésta, por afectar varios órganos vitales e induciendo una alta tasa de mortalidad. La F C P cursa en forma aguda con hemorragias generalizadas, alta morbilidad y mortalidad o en forma crónica con signos clínicos y lesiones mínimas o ausentes. El agente etiológico de F P C tiene un efecto letal en animales infectados de forma natural y en animales postvacunados induce lesiones letales, que aunque más suaves producen una alta mortalidad, debido a factores de la vacuna o al estatus inmunológico del cerdo...
Many diseases occur in pigs causing widespread hemorrhages around the world. Among them are viral or bacterial such as, Classical Swine Fever (C S F) which is produced by a Pestivirus (RNA), Togavirus group of the Flaviviridae family, besides African Swine Fever (ASF) produced by an Iridovirus and which has not been diagnosed in Venezuela, according to the literature. Among bacterial diseases are Salmonellosis and Erysipellosis, being the latter uncommon in Venezuela. In this paper, the morphological aspects of a hemorrhagic disease in four pigs are described. The reported lesions are not too dissimilar to those occurring in cases of C S F, which is characterized by affecting many vital organs, producing death in many pigs. C S F often follows an acute course characterized by generalized hemorrhages, with high morbidity and mortality, but it may be chronic, in that case clinical signs and lesions are often minimal or absent. The disease in naturally infected pigs produces lethal lesions causing death in many unvaccinated animals as well as in vaccinated pigs. The gross and microscopic changes of a hemorrhagic systemic disease in four (4) cases under study are reported from two naturally infected unvaccinated pigs and two postvaccinated animals against C S F. Pathologic changes are correlated with clinical signs and the most relevant morphological gross changes and histopathology are reported from naturally infected unvaccinated and postvaccinated pigs. The hemorrhagic lesions reported in vital organs highly resemble and are very similar to those morphologic changes occurring in C S F, although, other hemorrhagic viral or bacterial diseases induced a more severe and different pattern in lesions though being hemorrhagic. Despite lab tests (Elisa) were not determined in this work, they must be ruled out to show the etiological agent of C S F in spite of the typical and very similar morphological changes reported in this paper.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anatomy , Anatomy, Veterinary , Classical Swine Fever , Hemorrhage/pathology , Swine/abnormalities , Veterinary MedicineABSTRACT
El presente estudio fue conducido para determinar la presencia de residuos de enrofloxacina en los tejidos (músculo e hígado) de pollos beneficiados en cuatro plantas ubicadas en el municipio San Francisco del estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se tomó un pollo directamente de los expendios ubicados en cada planta durante cinco días consecutivos, dando un total de veinte pollos. El análisis de las muestras se realizó a través de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). La presencia de enrofloxacina se encontró por encima de los Límites Máximos de Residuos sugeridos por la FDA, Codex Alimentario y EMEA, al alcanzar los siguientes resultados: 3,5 mg/kg en muslo, 3,81 mg/kg en pechuga y 3,62 mg/kg en hígado, lo cual abre una duda razonable en relación a la salud de los consumidores de pollo. Adicionalmente, se discute sobre la posibilidad de considerar contaminantes o no, a tales niveles de enrofloxacina.
The present study was lead to determine the presence of remainders of enrofloxacine in tissues (muscle and liver) of slaughtered chickens in four plants located in the San Francisco municipality of the Zulia state, Venezuela. A chicken was taken directly from the retail store in each plant during five consecutive days, giving a total of twenty chickens. The analysis of the samples was made through liquid chromatography of high resolution (HPLC). The enrofloxacine presence was over the Limits Maximum suggested of Remainders by FDA, Nourishing Codex and EMEA, when reaching the following results: 3.50 mg/kg in breast, 3.81 mg/kg in leg and 3.62 mg/kg in liver, which let a reasonable doubt in relation to the health of the chicken consumers. Additionally, it is discussed on the possibility of considering polluting agents or not such levels of enrofloxacine.